Now the mucosal tissue in the oral cavity can undergo several premalignant pathological changes.

内的黏膜组织可经历数种癌前病理变化。

The oral cavity and oropharynx are lined by epithelium - and there are a few different types.

和咽被上皮覆盖，有几种不同类型的上皮。

The oral microbiota plays an important role in maintaining oral homeostasis protecting the oral cavity and preventing disease.

生群在维持内环境平衡、保护以及预防疾病等方面，发挥着重作用。

These microbes play an important role in maintaining oral homeostasis, protecting the oral cavity, and preventing disease development.

这些生在维持内动态平衡、保护与预防疾病等方面起到了重作用。

The pizza goes in our oral cavity where we use our teeth to masticate, or chew the food up into small fragments.

披萨进入后，我们用牙齿咀嚼食，将食嚼成小块。

Most of the oral cavity is lined by stratified squamous epithelium, so the majority of cancers that arise are squamous cell cancers.

内大部分表面都由复层鳞状上皮覆盖，所以大部分癌都属于鳞状细胞癌。

The major genera with the largest representation in the oral cavities include: streptococcus, prevotella, haemophilus, rothia, veillonella, neisseria, fusobacterium, and porphyromonas.

中的生包括以下几个大属：链球菌属、普氏菌属、嗜血杆菌属、罗氏菌属、韦荣氏球菌属、奈瑟氏菌属、梭杆菌属与卟啉单胞菌属。

Many carcinogens come into contact with a wide area within the oral cavity and oropharynx, so the idea is that they cause field cancerization.

许多致癌可以广泛接触到和咽内，故有一个猜想就是这些质引发区域癌化。

The lips form the opening to the mouth, while the cheeks or bucca (buccae) form the borders of the oral cavity.

嘴唇形成的开，而脸颊或颊形成的边界。

The structures within the oral cavity including the teeth, tongue, and palate, are involved in the chewing (mastication) and swallowing (deglutition) of food.

内的结构包括牙齿，舌头和腭，它们对食的咀嚼（粉碎）和吞咽（咽下）起作用。

All right, as a quick recap, oral cancer refers to cancers that originate in the oral cavity, which is lined by keratinized or non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelia.

得！快速回顾一下：癌指起源于的癌症；由角化或未角化的复层鳞状上皮覆盖。

The oral cavity. The process of digestion begins in the mouth, also called the buccal cavity, which is the opening through which food enters the body.

。消化过程是从开始的，也可以说是从开始，是食进入体内的开。

While the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity depends largely on the tumor stage, HPV status is a main prognostic factor for squamous cell carcinoma in the oropharynx.

鳞状细胞癌的预后，很大程度取决于肿瘤分期，而感染HPV的状况则是咽部鳞状细胞癌的一个预后因素。

Alcohol is known to be a direct cause of seven different cancers: head and neck cancers (oral cavity, pharynx and larynx), esophageal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer.

已知酒精是七种不同癌症的直接原因：头颈癌（癌、咽癌和喉癌）、食道癌、肝癌、乳腺癌和结直肠癌。

This alteration can disrupt the bacterial equilibrium in the oral cavity by increasing harmful bacteria and decreasing the beneficial ones, thus leading to a series of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries, or periodontal diseases.

这种改变会增加有害菌、减少有益菌，从而破坏中的细菌平衡，导致龋齿、牙周疾病等一系列感染性疾病的发生。

Oropharyngeal cancers are strongly associated with infection by human papillomavirus type 16, but interestingly, tumors of the oral cavity, like the lateral tongue and floor of the mouth are not usually associated with HPV 16.

咽癌与人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）16型的感染密切相关，但有趣的是，在肿瘤中，像是舌两侧和底的肿瘤则一般与HPV 16没有联系。

Alright, as a quick recap, the human oral microbiota is represented by the community of microorganisms which are normally found in the oral cavity and can exist as free-floating bacteria, or in the form of a biofilm.

得！快速回顾一下～人类生群以内常见生群为代表；这些生群可以是游离的细菌，也可以以生膜的形式存在。